What is Myeloma?

Myeloma, also known as multiple myeloma, is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell made in the bone marrow. These cells are part of the immune system and help protect the body against infection and disease. In myeloma, cancerous plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and crowd out healthy blood cells. Rather than producing useful antibodies, the cancer cells produce abnormal proteins that can cause complications.

 

What Are Common Signs and Symptoms of Myeloma?

The symptoms of myeloma can vary and may include:

• Bone pain, especially in the spine or chest

• Nausea

• Constipation

• Loss of appetite

• Unintended weight loss

• Frequent infections

• Weakness or numbness in the legs

• Excessive thirst

• Fatigue due to anemia (a shortage of red blood cells)

 

 Can We Prevent Myeloma?

There is no known way to prevent myeloma as the exact cause of the disease is not fully understood. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help improve one's overall health and potentially reduce the risk of developing various types of cancer.

 

How Do We Diagnose Myeloma?

Diagnosing myeloma typically involves a combination of laboratory tests, imaging tests, and bone marrow analysis, including:

• Blood tests to check for the M protein produced by myeloma cells or to measure the levels of calcium, kidney function, and complete blood count.

• Urine tests to check for M protein in the urine.

• Bone marrow biopsy to examine the number of plasma cells in the bone marrow.

• Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, CT scans, and PET scans to detect bone problems associated with myeloma.

 

What Treatment Options Are Available for Myeloma?

Treatment for myeloma may include:

• Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells.

• Targeted therapy: Focuses on specific weaknesses present within cancer cells.

• Immunotherapy: Uses the body's immune system to fight cancer.

• Bone marrow transplant: Replaces diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow.

• Radiation therapy: Uses high-energy beams to damage myeloma cells and stop their growth.

• Corticosteroids: Reduces inflammation and can kill myeloma cells.

Treatment plans are tailored to the individual based on the stage of the disease, symptoms, and overall health. While there is no cure for myeloma, treatments can significantly prolong survival and improve quality of life.