What is Head and Neck Cancer?

Head and neck cancer encompasses a group of cancers that originate in the squamous cells lining the mucosal surfaces inside the head and neck. This includes cancers of the mouth, throat, larynx (voice box), sinuses, and salivary glands. Less commonly, head and neck cancer can also arise from other types of cells within these areas. The majority of these cancers are squamous cell carcinomas.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

What Are Common Signs and Symptoms of Head and Neck Cancer?

  Symptoms of head and neck cancer vary depending on the specific location of the tumor but may include:

• A lump or sore that does not heal

• A sore throat that persists

• Difficulty swallowing

• Changes in the voice, such as hoarseness

• Unexplained weight loss

• Swelling or pain in the neck

• Ear pain or difficulty hearing

• Changes in the skin on the head and neck, such as lesions that do not heal

 

  Can We Prevent Head and Neck Cancer?

  While not all head and neck cancers can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk:

• Avoid tobacco use in all forms.

• Limit alcohol consumption.

• Protect against HPV infection through vaccination.

• Use protection from UV light exposure.

• Maintain good oral hygiene.

 

  How Do We Diagnose Head and Neck Cancer?

  Diagnosing head and neck cancer typically involves:

• Physical examination, including inspection and palpation of the head, neck, throat, and oral cavity.

• Imaging tests such as CT scans, MRIs, PET scans, and ultrasounds to determine the extent of the cancer.

• Biopsy, where a sample of suspicious tissue is removed and examined under a microscope for cancer cells.

• Endoscopy to examine the internal surfaces of the throat, larynx, or nasal passages.

 

  What Treatment Options Are Available for Head and Neck Cancer?

   Treatment for head and neck cancer depends on the type, location, and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health,        and may include:

• Surgery: To remove the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue.

• Radiation therapy: Uses high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer cells, often used for early-stage cancers or in combination with surgery.

• Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells, often used in combination with radiation therapy.

• Targeted therapy: Targets specific genes, proteins, or the tissue environment that contributes to cancer's growth and survival.

• Immunotherapy: Employs the body's immune system to fight the cancer.

   The choice of treatment is personalized, aiming to eradicate the cancer while preserving the function and appearance of the affected     areas as much as possible.